Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. It is the most common form of diabetes, affecting millions of people worldwide, and is particularly prevalent among adults, although it is increasingly being diagnosed in children and adolescents. Unlike type 1 diabetes, where the body cannot produce insulin, type 2 diabetes is primarily the result of the body’s inability to use insulin effectively, a condition known as insulin resistance.

The development of type 2 diabetes is closely linked to lifestyle and genetic factors. Major risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, and genetic predisposition. Over time, the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin can diminish, further complicating the condition and necessitating medical intervention. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop gradually and can include frequent urination, increased thirst, high levels of fatigue, blurred vision, and slow healing of cuts and bruises. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney failure, and eye issues, potentially leading to decreased quality of life or even premature death.

Managing type 2 diabetes involves a combination of lifestyle changes, monitoring blood glucose levels, and medication. Lifestyle interventions include maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and eating a balanced diet. For many, these changes are sufficient to control blood glucose levels effectively. However, some individuals may also require medication or insulin therapy to manage their condition.

The global rise in type 2 diabetes has made it a critical public health issue, prompting increased efforts in education, preventive measures, and research to better understand and combat this growing challenge.